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Notes of English Grammar Adverb
An adverb is a word that“qualifies” or “modifies” a verb.

Position of Adverbs:
It is very important to know the proper position of an adverb in a sentence because wrong usage of Adverbs may change the meaning of the sentence.
Ex:- Only he can read. (only he can read and nobody else.)
He can only read. (he cannot do any other work except reading.)
So, it is very important to understand the position of an adverb for the correct usage in a sentence.

Adverb of Manner:
It shows how an action or something is done. It is usually placed just after the verb.It is used after the Verb but if an Object of the Verb is also used, then it is used after that object.
To know the adverb of manner ask yourself a question “How?” in the given sentence.

Ex:-He drives recklessly.
He reads the book carefully.
She sleeps soundly.
He drives quickly.

Adverbs of Time:
It shows when an action or something is done or happens. It is either placed at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.
To know the adverb of time in a sentence ask yourself the question -“When?”

Ex:- He will come soon.
I go home next home.
I phoned you yesterday.
I joined my duties last month.
I saw her walking along the river last week.

Adverbs of Place:
It is used after the Verb or the Object of the Verb. It shows where an action or something is done or happened.
To know the adverb of place in a sentence ask yourself a question- “Where?”
Ex:- There were flowers everywhere.
I live here.
He fell down.

Order of Adverbs:
If two or more Adverbs are used after the Verb or the Object, then you should follow the order which is given below:
Adverb of Manner
Adverb of Place and
Adverb of Time

[Note: Trick to remember this order i.e. MPT.]
Ex:-He spoke impressively at the function yesterday.
She should reach home by this evening.

Adverbs of Frequency:
It can be always, rare, often, rarely, usually, generally, almost, already, hardly, just, nearly, quite etc.
To know the adverb of frequency in the sentence ask yourself “How often?”
Ex:-We always go to school by bus.
I usually go there.
I quite agree with you.
[Note: If the Verb is of more than one word, then the adverb of frequency will be used after the helping Verb but before the main verb.
Ex:-He has already finished his work.]

More information about an adverb:
Previously,we learnt that an adverb modifies a verb.In addition to this, it also modifies an adjective, another adverb and the complete sentence. It changes the complete meaning of the sentence so be careful while studying an adverb.
Adverb modifying adjective or another adverb:
Ex:-His lecture is very informative.
She is a very intelligent girl.
The horse runs very quickly.
She moved quite slowly.

Adverb of Degree or Quantity-
To know the adverb of degree or quantity in the sentence ask yourself“To what degree?” or “How much?”
Ex:-It is too dark for us to see anything.
Last night it rained very heavily.
This milk is too hot for a baby to drink.

Adverb Qualifying Complete Sentence:
An adverb qualifies the whole sentence or is used to emphasize the complete sentence.
Ex:-Luckily no one was killed in the accident.
Unfortunately a very serious accident occurred.

Use of Double Negatives:
It has no meaning and double negative should not be used in a sentence.
Ex:-I cannot walk any further now.
I forbade you to go there.
He seldom visits.
She hardly eats anything since the accident.

Use of ’Enough’:
Ex:- She was kind enough to help me.
He is cunning enough to tackle her.

Use of ‘too much’ and ‘much too’:
The adverb ‘too much’ is used with noun
and ‘much too’ is used with an adjective.
Noun:
Too much pain
Adjectives:
Much too painful

Late:
The adverb ‘late’ indicates time.
Ex:- You are late.

Lately:
The adverb lately means recently.
Ex:-He has lately started a new business.

Seldom or never
In the sentence ‘seldom or never’ should be used.
Ex:-He seldom or never misbehaves with anybody.

Seldom if ever
In the sentence ‘seldom if ever’ should be used.
Ex:-He seldom if ever drinks.

Fairly:
Fairly is an Adverb of Quantity. It means the sense of liking.
Ex:-The weather is fairly pleasant.

Rather:
Rather is an Adverb of Quantity. It means the sense of dislike.
Ex:- The day is rather hot.

Uses of Hard and Hardly:
Hard means tough and it can be used as an Adjective or as an Adverb. Whereas, hardly means rarely and it is used as an Adverb only.
Examples:-
Hard:It is a hard job.
He works hard.
Hardly: She hardly comes to me.
Hardly does he go to school.

Too:
Here, Too refers to more than enough and it has negative sense.
So, ‘too’ should not be used in place of ‘very’ or ‘much’.
Ex:-The house is too small for us.

Too —— to:
If the sentence is given in such a form so this is the correct form to use ‘TOO….TO’and it is used in negative sense.
Example:-
He is too poor to buy a bicycle.

If verb is ‘am’, ‘is’ and ‘are’ then an adverb is placed after the verb.
Ex:-She is always late for everything.

The auxiliaries “have to” and “used to” will come after adverb.
Ex:-He often used to go to cinema.

An adverb ‘as’ is used with the verbs like Regard, Describe, define, treat, view, know, etc.
Ex:- Biology had been defined as the study of organism.

An adverb ‘as’ is not used with the verbs like Name, elect, think, consider, call, appoint, make, choose, etc.
Ex:-He was elected the secretary of our club.

‘SO’ as an adverb of degree should not be used without a correlative.
Ex:- He is very weak.
He is so weak that he cannot walk.

Inversion rule:
If an inverted form of the adverb is used to introduce a sentence then it should be followed in this manner as mentioned below.
[Seldom/ Hardly/ No sooner, etc. + H.V. (auxiliary) +Subject + M.V. + Object]
Example:-
Seldom does he visit his grandmother. (seldom+ verb+ subject—–)
No sooner did I reach the station than I met my uncle.
Hardly does he go to church.

Else’ should be followed by ‘But’
Ex:-It is nothing else but sheer madness.

Though’ is followed by ‘yet’
Ex:-Though he is poor, yet he is honest.

Lest’ must be followed by ‘Should’.
Ex:-Read regularly lest you should fail.